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How to operate a native desktop app by its accessibility tree with Nuphus MCP

Drive native UI through Windows UIA or macOS AX using observe, candidate, execute, and verify steps.

Authorization notice. Nuphus MCP is dual-use. Only use it on software, sites and systems you own or have explicit permission to test.

Who it is forAn IT or operations person who needs an agent to use a desktop application that has no API or browser version.

The problemPixel-coordinate automation breaks when window layout or scaling changes.

The outcomeThe agent selects UI elements by stable semantic locators and checks the resulting state after each action.

What you need first

  • Rust stable toolchain to build from source with Cargo
  • Chrome or Edge installed for browser tools
  • An MCP client that supports stdio servers
  • Windows for full desktop control; macOS needs the Accessibility permission
  • Your own vision model API key only if you use desktop_vision

Steps

  1. Call desktop_targets_list to see the windows available to bind.
  2. Call desktop_target_bind on the window you want the agent to control.
  3. Call desktop_semantic_observe, then desktop_semantic_candidate to pick the element.
  4. Call desktop_semantic_execute or desktop_semantic_action, then desktop_verify_state to confirm the result.

Prompt for your agent

Use the nuphus-mcp semantic desktop tools to bind the window titled <window title>, pick the element labeled <element label>, and perform <action>. Return the verified state as text. Verify the state with desktop_verify_state before reporting success.

Caveat. Semantic control is backed by Windows UIA and the macOS Accessibility API, and macOS needs the Accessibility permission for mouse and keyboard tools.

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